Car heating apparatus



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. E. GOLD. GAR HEATING' APPARATUS.

N0.,571,359. Patented Nov. 17, 1896.

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(No Model.) 2 SheetS-Sheet 2.

E. E. GULD. GAR HEATING APPARATUS. No. 571,359. l Patented Nov. 17,1896.

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EDWARD E. GOLD, OF NEW' YORK, N. Y.

CAR-HEATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 571,359, dated November1'7,v 1896. Application tiled January 24, 1891. Serial No. 378,867. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern: i

Be it known that I, EDWARD E. GOLD, a citi zen of the United States,residing in the city, county, and State of New York,have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Car- Heating Apparatus, of whichthe following is a specification. v

lThis invention relates to that class of carheaters wherein a coil ofpipe containing a suitable liquid is extended through the car andcommunicates with the heating-coill arranged in a stove or steam-heater.Heat is irnparted to the coil in said stove or heater to set the columnof liquid in the circuit into circulation,and byits circulation itcarries the heat to all parts of the car and gradually radiates it fromthe circulating-pipes. Heretofore it has been customary to provide onesuch coil in a heating-stove in communication with only one circuit ofpipes throughout the car. This involves the disadvantage that theradiatingsurface is always the same, there being no means for reducingthe radiating-surface in mild weather and increasingitin cold weather,as is desirable. It is impracticable with a given length ofradiating-pipe to control the radiation of heat by accelerating orretarding the rate of flow of the liquid. It has also been proposed toprovide a heater with two coils, both heated alike by the lire, with tworadiating-circuits in connection with the respective coils; but withthis construction also the radiating-surface is always the same, sincewhen the heater is used at all both circuits are always in action.

According to my present invention -I subdivide the radiating-pipe intotwo distinct coils or liquid-circuits, both heated by one heater, and Iprovide the stove or heater by preference with two separate spiral coilsor worms, which are connected in the two circuits, respectively. Whenthere is a fire in the stove, both coils are heated alike, but by meansof a valve in either circuit the circulation therein may be stopped orshort-circuited and one circuit alone be used to heat the car, whichsuffices in mild weather, while in cold weather both circuits will beemployed. To provide for heating by steam when the fire in the stoveisextinguished I forni the spiral coils or worms in the stove each oftwo pipes, the smaller being` inserted within the larger and coiledtogether, and I introduce steam into preferably the smaller pipe,leaving the annular space between the smaller. and larger pipes toconstitute the liquid-passage in communication with the pipes of theliquid-circuit. lThe admission of steam into the steampipes of the twoworms is governed by valves, so that when heating by steam only one ofthe worms need be heated, the steam-pipe leading to the other worm beingclosed, which will be the case in mild weather.

Vhere a stove or heater is employed, it is arranged usually at one endof the car and usually radiates enough or nearly enough heat to suitablywarm the car at that end. Ordinarily the radiating-pipes of theliquid-circuit are arranged uniformlyv throughout the car, so that thehottest portion of the pipes as they emerge from the heater radiate thegreatest heat nearest the stove where the car is already partially orsuiiciently warmed by the stove itself, thereby heating the end of thecar containing the stove to a greater degree than the remote end, whichis left comparatively cold. My invention overcomes this disadvantage byarranging the pipes of each liquid-circuit in such manner as to afford areduced radiating-surface adjacent to the stove and an increasedradiating-surface in the remote portions of the car. For example, eachcircuit on leaving the stove passes by a single pipe to the farther halfof the car, where it is arranged in such manner by coiling back andforth as to afford a radiatingsurface approximately four times that ofthe single pipe. It then passes to the opposite side of the car andreturns to the middle, where it is again coiled to provide an extendedradiating-surface through the half of the car at the end of which thestove is arranged; but as Athe circuit has already lost the greater partof its heat by radiation the heat radiated in this end of the car ismuch less than that in the farther end, so that the tendency to overheatthe end of the car containing the stove is practically overcome. The twocircuits have their radiating-coils on opposite sides of the car, theone on one side at one end and on the other side at the other end, landthe other in the remaining spaces; but the hottest portions of bothradiating-circuits are confined to a reduced surface on leaving therailway-car with the liquid-radiating circuits a arranged according tomy present invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section showingthe respective steam and liquid pipes in and adjacent to the heater, thelatter being partly broken away and dissected to'show the pipes. Fig. 3is a diagrammatic view showing the circuitsapplficable -to :aparlordcar, the respective radiating pipes, however, which stand 'on-'eabove another, ias 'shown ifn Eig. 5,

being here show-n side by vside as though laid Tupon lthe hoor, .inorder to quake the `circuits clear. tis-'avertical longitudinal section.show-ing thefarrangeinent of -pipes on one side of 'the 'carinthe-systemshovvnin Fig. 3. Fig. `5 is a transversesectioncn the line-55 in i, I showing Jche arrangement for passing the pipes across thefear. 6 `.is 'a fragmentary section on t'h'e lin-e6 6 in F-ig.

Bigs. l-,l'2,3, an'd 'fi t'he 'liquid-circirlating f pipes oftheltwocircui'ts :are distinguished fby being shown, 'the one Iblaclryordarflcly vtinted i `and fthe 'other White o'r ligilitly tinftecl.

Let A vdesignate -a heater of lanysui'ta'ble forlm, Which may 'be `theWell-:known Baker Eheater.

.and B `'are the ttwo lfiquid-cirenit-sconsistirrge'ach 'simply-of apipe o'f suitable sizefcarlri'ed tlrrouglh'theicar fand bent back andforth Where fdesifr'edfto 4afford the proper'surfa'ceor y radiation. Thecoolend of cacflrof these 'ciri'cuiitsfe'n'ters ith'e lower 'part lo'fthe heater-A Aand is fc'oile'd therein into a Worm, the two 'Worms beinglettered C Land fC', respectively, in @n emerging :from ithe upper part`of lthe heaterth'e pipes pass upwardly, aslat web', Fi-g.l2,:andfenter'the usual'eXpansion-box iD, `whence pipes fb `"hlpassdownwardly toor IInos't highly-heated portion of rtheicircuit.

lEllhe circuit :consists of =a pipe c, flea'dfing `'from ithe pipe b Ito'the middle :or fiar-ther en d 'called ,fforlthe sake o'f distinction,a" radiaton tlettered d. transverselyat `@fand passes at j' inasingle pipeft'o `the opposite halfo'f 'the car, in which car andfeiztendsiasfa pipe c to lthe middlefor farther half =`of xthe'car,/Where it 'is coiled toforma radiator df. iIt then crosses'the `car ate', e'xte'ndsback'to'theimiddle atyL1 .,an'dis'coi-led into a radiatorg', :from which it reenters 'the Y lIn fthe ifarther lhalf of'thefcarvthe pipe 'is c'o'iledback and fforth 'itc affordfanex- L tendedradiating-surface 'What may be Inrsinrillarmanner the-circuit 1Bconsists 1of a pipe *which crosses 'directly jfromv l'the z'dowirpipe fbto the opposite Iside vof "the l heater. This arrangement of pipes isclearly Ishown in Fig. l, Where the pipes are bent back and forth inloops beneath the seats, Which arrangement is suitable for ordinarypassenger-cars and for sleeping-coaches, and in. Fig. 3, Where the pipesare coiled longitufdin'a'lly one pipe above another, as shown in Figs.4: and 5, which is the arrangement employed on .parlor or drawing-roomcars.

The pipes c c are most highly heated, but afford only a limitedradiating-surface, While the radiators d d' radiate -t'he greaterportion of heat into the half of the car remote from Y"the 'heater A.'The circulating liquid after being partially cooled returns and in theradiators g g radiates heat Ifor heating theend of the lcar containingvthe stove.

I'n l:making the 'heater A a steam-hea'ter as Weill as -a stove-heaterenrploy by pre'ferei-ice the construction of fconrbined coils for Worms'claimed .in any .lDatent No. 388,772, dated August 28, 1888. Accordingto this construction 'the "coil `or Worm consists of two pipes, thesmaller inserted 'within the Alfarger -and 'coiled together in'to yaspiral, fthe smaiflor `being by preference the steamspipe and fthelarger lthe pipe in connection Wifth the liquid-circuit. 'Thisconstruction is lshow-n i-n the dissection yof'the pipes 2. Fnom'ithe'irnai'n steam- -pipe E, exlt'en ding longitudinally through the train,a branch pipe leads Vinto fthe fear and is fdi'vided into awo branches'G andfG, yrespectively, provided with regulating-valves lhand 71'..Hlre'se pipesG andGenter the upper or emerging ends of 'the worms 2G 4Gand ,epass spirallly ethrough jthorn, emerging from ithem Jait ItheiloWercr entering fends of the coils, fasrsh'owvn inlFig. 2,'-wlioretheyare fitted "with "check-yalves da" Ires ectivel eto rea P Y P ventback-now, -a'fter lwhich the ltwo branches reunite in a pipe G2, whichpasses down -fthirou'gh 'the fil'oor-of the 'car :and is fitted withsuitafble means for 1vdrawing-off Water fof 'con- "densati'on lheseconsist, preferably, 'of a fsedimfent Wol-l or ichamber iifl and a-tihermo- V'statictrap l fof gthe constructions now Well :k-noW-n in:the v'art ,in connection 'with fthe Gold system of caraheatifn'g.

Ifn ymifld Weatheronly l'one coil-4B, for ieX- amplekis used for heatinglthe=ca'r. 'Vfhen heating byialire inthe stove, "both Worms C and ''O'are heated, 'W'lrich would Sea/'use a cirfcula'tion lifn both coils;fbuft to .prevent 'this and consequentoverheating of the canone lof 'the'circuits-QF, for {example-may be provided WLi-th afslrulrrt or `short-circuiting pipe j. l(Shown in fdotted lfiln'es in yF-ig. T25) By'open-'inga valve j'itherein the liokuid inay'ci-iculate in this shunt insteadyof through the `entire liquid-circuit, Vthereby practically lpreventingfcirei'ilation in fthe latter. When heating by steam1the=heaft isvregulated by the 'valves h fh'. Byopening both steam Willfheaftbothworms, and-aScircnlation will VIbe maintained 4in b'o'th rcircuits BB', Which `Will keep the car Warm 1in vcold Weather. In 2mildWeather-one of ithe valvesh 7L' isfc'losed,'so that the Wor-m corre- IOOIOS

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spending therewith is not heated, (except to a slight degree byradiation from the other worm,) and the one circuit the worm of which isheated serves to suficiently warm the car. Vhen using onlyv one worm,the steam passing through its pipe G or G/ on entering the pipe G2 tendsby its pressure to flow back into the steam-pipe of the other worm; butthis is prevented by the check-valves t' t", which prevent any suchback'liow, so that the heating is confined to the one worm into whichsteam is admitted by the valve 7L or h. This construction of reunitingthe two branches g g and providing them with checkvalves iz" enablesboth branches to drain into the one sediment-well 1I and automatic trapI instead of requiring a separate well and trap for each branch of thesteam-pipe, as would otherwise be necessary; but such separate well andtrap may be used for each branch, if preferred.

The two coils C C may have their waterpipes a a joined together, so thatboth enter the one expansion-box I), and one returnpipe may descendtherefrom, branching into the two pipes?) b, as shown in Fig. 2. Thisresults in a commingling of the liquid of both circuits, which I find ispractically somewhat disadvantageous when only one circuit is in use,because it induces a slight flow in the other circuit. keep the twocircuits entirely distinct by dividing the expansion-box into twocompartments.

Where the pipes pass t-ransversely across the car, it is necessary thatthey shall be carried beneath the floor. Heretofore this has ordinarilybeen done by carrying the pipe down and across beneath the iioor, meanswhich necessitates a considerable descent of the pipe, and this pipeexterior to the car must necessarily be wrapped with non-conductingcovering to avoid wasting heat by radiation. My invention provides animproved construction whereby this transverse portion of pipe may beutilized for radiation instead of bein g, as heretofore, a waste lengthof pipe. This is best shown in Figs. 5 and 6. In case there is a centralaisle, so that the pipes may bearranged above the floor until they reachthis aisle, they will be carried above the 'floor at 7c la in Fig. 5,and the middle portion Z` will be dropped sufliciently to bring itbeneath the floor. To provide room for this depressed portion of pipe,the floor is cut away and the longitudinal Hoor-beams slightly cut into,and a transverse box or channelmis set in so that it iills the openingcut in the iioor. The pipe being dropped into this channel, a cover n isplaced over it,

standing flush with the floor, as shown in Fig. 6. This cover ispreferably perforated to permit heated air to rise from the pipes Z Z.By this means the entire transverse portion of pipe is kept to allintents and purposes within the car. For a drawing-room car it maysometimes be desirable to depress the To prevent this it is better toentire transverse portion of pipe, in which case the box or channel willbe made longer to extend the entire width of the car.

I claim as my invention the following-defined novel features orimprovements, substantially as hereinbefore specified, namely:

l. The combination on a railway-car of a heater at one end thereof, twoliquid-circuits heated thereby, each circuit lhaving its hotwater pipecarried to the remote portion of the car and there formed with anextended radiating-surface, whereby the hottest liquid in the circuit isutilized for heating the portion of the car most remote from thedirectheat radiation of the heater, and the pipe of each circuit carriedthence back to the portion of the car more nearly adjacent to the heaterand there formed with an extended radiating-surface for radiating heatfrom the partially-cooled water, and carried thence back to thecool-water inlet of said heater, and means for eifecting the heating andcirculatin g of either one or both said circuits, whereby for mildweather one only may be operated, and in cold weather both maybeoperated, and whereby in either case the heat throughout the car isequalized.

2. The combination on a railway-car of two radiating-circuits, a heatercontaining two distinct water-heating passages, forming part ofsaidcircuits respectively, and two steampassages in operative contacteach with one only of said water-passages,so that eachwaterpassage isheated by its corresponding steampassage, a steam-supply pipe dividedinto two branches leading to said two steam-passages in the heater, andmeans for controlling the admission of steam to one only or to both saidsteam-passages, whereby to determine the heating and circulating of theliquid `in one only of said circuits (for mild weather) or in both ofsaid circuitstfor cold weather) without necessitating valves in saidcircuits, and said heater provided with a tire-chamber inclosing bothsaid water-passages,whereby the making of a fire therein heats bothpassages and circulates the water in both circuits.

3. The combination on a railway-car of a heater containing two distinctheating-coils, each coil consisting of a steam and a liquid pipe the onewithin the other, two liquid-radiating circuits to which theliquid-pipes of said coils are respectively connected, and av steam-pipedivided into two branches in which the steam-pipes of said coils areconnected respectively, said branches on emerging from the opposite endsof said coils being reunited, valves for admitting steam to saidbranches independently, check-valves in said branches between the coilsand the junction of the branches, to prevent backflow of steam fromeither branch into the other, a single pipe leading from said junction,and a drainagetrap for discharging condensed water therefrom.

4f. The combination on a railway-car of a heater containing two distinctheating-coils,

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lo united in zt single pipe, and a drainage-tmp for dischargingcondensed Water from said pipe.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence oftwo subscribing Witnesses.

EDVARD E. GOLD.

Witnesses:

ARTHUR C. FRASER, GEORGE H. FRASER.

